“治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)”語境(jing)是“行而有效”“治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而合(he)于(yu)正”，不僅要有“治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”與(yu)“理(li)”的(de)(de)(de)行動，而且治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)行動要有效與(yu)合(he)于(yu)正。“自(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”是自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)合(he)于(yu)正；“他(ta)(ta)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”就是在自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)不能自(zi)(zi)(zi)持時他(ta)(ta)人(ren)介入自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)事務以使事務發展(zhan)合(he)于(yu)正，這里的(de)(de)(de)“他(ta)(ta)人(ren)”是與(yu)“自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)”相對的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個概念，代指(zhi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)以外的(de)(de)(de)群體和法(fa)制，法(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬于(yu)他(ta)(ta)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；“共治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”則(ze)是自(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)他(ta)(ta)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)統一(yi)。

自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)個(ge)相對概念(nian)。首先(xian)，“自(zi)(zi)己(ji)”準(zhun)確講應是(shi)“個(ge)體”，指個(ge)人(ren)或由個(ge)人(ren)組成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)群體，如小區(qu)、社區(qu)等，“自(zi)(zi)己(ji)”是(shi)個(ge)變(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范疇，自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)隨(sui)“自(zi)(zi)己(ji)”內涵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)而變(bian)化(hua)，可以(yi)是(shi)個(ge)人(ren)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)，也(ye)(ye)可以(yi)是(shi)社區(qu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)，更大范圍(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)社會自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)；當他治(zhi)(zhi)指自(zi)(zi)己(ji)以(yi)外(wai)群體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)治(zhi)(zhi)理時，他治(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)便是(shi)個(ge)相對概念(nian)。其次(ci)，自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei)、項目、程序和(he)程度(du)是(shi)相對的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，取決于自(zi)(zi)己(ji)所處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)（包括(kuo)政治(zhi)(zhi)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)、人(ren)文環(huan)(huan)境(jing)、經濟環(huan)(huan)境(jing)和(he)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)）。

自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)統(tong)一(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)共(gong)(gong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。道家講(jiang)究(jiu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，法(fa)家講(jiang)究(jiu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，儒家講(jiang)究(jiu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)統(tong)一(yi)；傳統(tong)的(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)以“個人(ren)”為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)出發(fa)點(dian)的(de)“修齊(qi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)平”，現代的(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)以“社會”為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)出發(fa)點(dian)的(de)“共(gong)(gong)建共(gong)(gong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)共(gong)(gong)享”；在農耕時(shi)(shi)代，自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亦(yi)須他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)協(xie)(xie)助，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)須以自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)基礎；以分(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)協(xie)(xie)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)特征的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業經(jing)濟時(shi)(shi)代，需要(yao)(yao)(yao)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)統(tong)一(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)共(gong)(gong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。共(gong)(gong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)基礎是(shi)(shi)“分(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、協(xie)(xie)作、統(tong)籌(chou)”。依(yi)此，垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)的(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)家庭自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、小區(qu)(qu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、社區(qu)(qu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、鄉鎮(zhen)（街道）自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、縣（區(qu)(qu)）自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、市(shi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、區(qu)(qu)域自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)之(zhi)分(fen)，亦(yi)有(you)(you)生(sheng)活垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)行(xing)業、農林垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)行(xing)業、工(gong)(gong)(gong)業垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)行(xing)業等(deng)(deng)行(xing)業自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)分(fen)。有(you)(you)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)便有(you)(you)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，如源頭垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)分(fen)類的(de)垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)產生(sheng)者(zhe)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或社區(qu)(qu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)第三方(fang)垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)分(fen)類服務互(hu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)處(chu)理(li)(li)的(de)垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)處(chu)理(li)(li)者(zhe)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)第三方(fang)服務互(hu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；依(yi)據(ju)“垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)產生(sheng)者(zhe)負(fu)責”原則，垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)產生(sheng)者(zhe)與(yu)垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)處(chu)理(li)(li)者(zhe)的(de)垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)也互(hu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。有(you)(you)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)并存，就需要(yao)(yao)(yao)分(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)協(xie)(xie)作；要(yao)(yao)(yao)維持分(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)協(xie)(xie)作有(you)(you)序高效，就需要(yao)(yao)(yao)統(tong)籌(chou)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)。誰來統(tong)籌(chou)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)？在一(yi)般情(qing)況下由(you)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)或自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)所在群體(ti)負(fu)責，在涉及更大(da)范圍群體(ti)的(de)公益尤其社會公益時(shi)(shi)宜由(you)政府負(fu)責。

此外，在自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)并存時(shi)，還(huan)需要主次之分。在源(yuan)頭(tou)需求側，垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)(ji)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)宜(yi)以社區自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)主，社區他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)輔；在垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)(ji)處理(li)(li)供給側，宜(yi)以垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)(ji)處理(li)(li)者自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)主，第三方(fang)(fang)服務和(he)(he)(he)政(zheng)府監管(guan)為(wei)輔。就垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)(ji)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)全(quan)鏈條而言，垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)(ji)產生者應承(cheng)擔全(quan)部治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)責任，主要表現是(shi)(shi)為(wei)垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)(ji)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)付費，但當垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)(ji)處理(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)，在垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)(ji)處理(li)(li)環(huan)(huan)節的他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則變成主要治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)式。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)以法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)作為(wei)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)主體，相對(dui)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而言屬于他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)規定自(zi)己(ji)和(he)(he)(he)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)人的權(quan)利與義(yi)務，是(shi)(shi)對(dui)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的約(yue)束。對(dui)私權(quan)利，法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)無(wu)禁止即(ji)(ji)可(ke)為(wei)；對(dui)公權(quan)力，法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)無(wu)授(shou)權(quan)即(ji)(ji)禁止。垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)(ji)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)制(zhi)體系由(you)憲(xian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、基(ji)本法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、綜合法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)(he)專(zhuan)項法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)組成；憲(xian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)根本大(da)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，基(ji)本法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)統(tong)率綜合法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)(he)專(zhuan)項法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)；垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)(ji)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)的基(ji)本法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，綜合法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)固廢(fei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、清潔生產促進(jin)(jin)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、循環(huan)(huan)經濟促進(jin)(jin)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、城市規劃法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)等(deng)，專(zhuan)項法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)包括(kuo)環(huan)(huan)境影(ying)響評(ping)價法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、水污染防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、大(da)氣污染防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、噪聲污染防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)等(deng)；除(chu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)外，垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)(ji)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)制(zhi)體系還(huan)包括(kuo)行政(zheng)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規、部門(men)規章(zhang)、地(di)方(fang)(fang)性法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規和(he)(he)(he)地(di)方(fang)(fang)政(zheng)府規章(zhang)、技術標(biao)(biao)準和(he)(he)(he)規范(fan)、規劃。垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)(ji)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)的“正(zheng)”是(shi)(shi)全(quan)社會(hui)堅持施行垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)(ji)妥善(shan)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)，妥善(shan)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)的目標(biao)(biao)包括(kuo)“減量、循環(huan)(huan)”的資源(yuan)保(bao)護目標(biao)(biao)、“環(huan)(huan)保(bao)、低碳”的環(huan)(huan)境保(bao)護目標(biao)(biao)和(he)(he)(he)“正(zheng)義(yi)、公平”的社會(hui)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)目標(biao)(biao)。